HKSA - TLR2 Agonist

Heat Killed - Staphylococcus aureus

ABOUT

Heat Killed Staphylococcus aureus

HKSA is a lyophilized heat-killed preparation of Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive extra-cellular growing bacterium. HKSA is recognized mainly by TLR2.

HKSA induces tolerance to a secondary HKSA stimulation but causes priming to LPS, suggesting a differential regulation of cytokines and chemokines in Gram-positive- and Gram-negative-induced inflammatory events.

All InvivoGen products are for internal research use only, and not for human or veterinary use.

SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications

Working concentration

106-108 cells/ml

Solubility

Insoluble (resuspended HKSA results in a cloudy suspension)

Appearance (form)
Lyophilized pellet
Appearance (color)
White to light brown
Tested applications

TLR2 activation in cellular assays

Quality control

Each lot is functionally tested and validated.

CONTENTS

Contents

  • Product: 
    HKSA
  • Cat code: 
    tlrl-hksa
  • Quantity: 
    10^10 cells
Includes:

1.5 ml sterile endotoxin-free water

Shipping & Storage

  • Shipping method:  Room temperature
  • Storage:

    • 4°C

Details

HKSA is a lyophilized heat-killed preparation of Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus, a Gram-positive extra-cellular growing bacterium, is a major source of mortality in medical facilities. It causes a wide range of infections from skin infection to life-threatening diseases. HKSA is recognized by TLR2, but also other TLR family members except for TLR4 [1]. It induces the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages through a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway [1,2]. HKSA induces tolerance to a secondary HKSA stimulation but causes priming to LPS, suggesting a differential regulation of cytokines and chemokines in gram-positive- and gram-negative-induced inflammatory events [3].

 

1. Takeuchi O. et al., 2000. Cutting edge: TLR2-deficient and MyD88-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection. J. Immunol. 165:5392-5396.
2. Lembo A. et al., Differential contribution of Toll-like receptors 4 and 2 to the cytokine response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in mice. Infect Immun. 71(10):6058-62.
3. Peck OM. et al., 2004. Differential regulation of cytokine and chemokine production in lipopolysaccharide-induced tolerance and priming.Cytokine. 26(5):202-8.

DOCUMENTS

Documents

HKSA

Technical Data Sheet

Safety Data Sheet

Certificate of analysis

Need a CoA ?

CUSTOMER SERVICE & TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Question about this product ?