InvivoGen’s Reviews
Innate Immunity
TLR3: racing for vaccine advantages
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in the initiation of prompt innate immune defenses, as well as in the activation of adaptive immune cells for enhanced and memory responses. Thus, TLR agonists are attractive candidates for vaccine adjuvants and cancer therapeutics
Previous reviews
Innate Immunity / PRR / IFN response
Viral dsRNA Signaling Through TLRs and RLRs
Viral infections induce a strong innate immune response characterized by the rapid production of type I interferons (IFN α/β) leading to the inhibition of virus replication.
Innate Immunity / PRR
Agonistic and Antagonistic Effects of LPS on TLR4
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major structural component of the outer wall of all Gram-negative bacteria and a potent activator of the immune system.
Innate Immunity / Products / IFN response
RNA interference: Induction of the IFN Response
RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful tool to uncover gene function and is evolving as a new therapeutic modality.
Innate Immunity / PRR
TLR7 and TLR8: Key players in the antiviral response
TLR7 and TLR8 are phylogenetically and structurally related. TLR7 is predominantly expressed in lung, placenta, and spleen, while TLR8 is predominantly expressed in lung and peripheral blood leukocytes, in particular monocytes.
Products
RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the most exciting discoveries of the past decade in functional genomics. RNAi is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions in eukaryotes and holds promise for the development of therapeutic gene silencing.
Innate Immunity
Type I IFN Production and Signaling
The most studied members of the Type I family of interferons are the multiple IFNα isotypes and IFNβ. Type I IFNs are responsible for inducing transcription of a large group of genes which play a role in host resistance to viral infections, as well as activating key components of the innate and adaptive immune systems including antigen presentation and...
Innate Immunity / PRR / IFN response
Toll-Like Receptors and Viral Infection
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for the recognition of microbial pathogens. A subset of TLRs, TLR3, TLR7/8, and TLR9, is involved in antiviral responses by triggering the production of antiviral cytokines such as type I interferons (IFNs). TLR3 responds to double stranded RNA, a replication intermediary for many viruses. TLR7/8 recognize viral single-stranded RNAs, whereas TLR9...
Innate Immunity / PRR
TLR9 Recognition and Signaling: An Update
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes unmethylated bacterial CpG DNA and initiates a signaling cascade leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Products
pCpGfree vitro, A New Family of CpG-free Plasmids
pCpGvitro is a new family of expression vectors completely devoid of CpG dinucleotides that are selectable in mammalian cells.
Innate Immunity / PRR
Toll-like Receptor 11
To date, ten mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified. They recognize specific molecular patterns associated with microbial pathogens and induce the activation of host-defense genes.