c-di-GMP VacciGrade™ - STING-based Adjuvant

c-di-GMP bacterial cyclic di-nucleotide - Th1/Th2 response adjuvant

Cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) produced by bacteria in which it functions as an essential second messenger. It controls motility, biofilm formation, and bacterial pathogenicity.

CDNs have been shown to increase vaccine potency [1]. They activate innate immunity by directly binding the endoplasmic reticulum-resident receptor STING (stimulator of interferon genes), activating a signaling pathway that induces the expression of interferon-β (IFN-β) and also nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) dependent inflammatory cytokines [2, 3].

c-di-GMP exerts strong adjuvant activities when delivered by the mucosal route [4, 5]. It elicits a balanced Th1/Th2 and Th17 response, which is crucial against intracellular pathogens [6].
 

c-di-GMP VacciGrade™ is a high-quality pre-clinical grade.

Read our review on STING: Deciphering the STING Paradox

References:

1. Dubensky TW. et al., 2013. Rationale, progress and development of vaccines utilizing STING-activating cyclic dinucleotide adjuvants. Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines 1(4): 131.
2. Jin L. et al., 2011. MPYS is required for IFN response factor 3 activation and type I IFN production in the response of cultured phagocytes to bacterial second messengers cyclic-di-AMP and cyclic-di-GMP. J Immunol. 187(5):2595.
3. Burdette DL. et al., 2011. STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP. Nature. 478(7370):515.
4. Neuhaus V. et al., 2014. A new adjuvanted nanoparticle-based H1N1 influenza vaccine induced antigen-specific local mucosal and systemic immune responses after administration into the lung. Vaccine. 32(26):3216.
5. Blaauboer SM. et al., 2014. MPYS/STING-mediated TNF-α, not type I IFN, is essential for the mucosal adjuvant activity of (3'-5')-cyclic-di-guanosine-monophosphate in vivo. J Immunol. 192(1):492.
6. Madhun AS. et al., 2011. Intranasal c-di-GMP-adjuvanted plant-derived H5 influenza vaccine induces multifunctional Th1 CD4+ cells and strong mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice. Vaccine.29(31):4973.