Hemozoin
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Cat.code:
tlrl-hz
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ABOUT
NLRP3 Inflammasome Inducer - Synthetic heme crystal
Hemozoin (HZ) is a dark-brown crystallized heme byproduct generated by the intraerythrocytic parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria. It is taken up by macrophages initiating signals that lead to the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The hemozoin-induced production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines is dependent on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome [1,2].
Synthetic HZ has been shown to possess adjuvant properties that differ depending on the method of synthesis [3]. InvivoGen provides a chemically synthesized HZ using an acidic method. The biological activity of HZ has been validated using InvivoGen's HEK-Blue™ IL-1β cells and THP1-Null2 cell.
Key features:
- Inducer of the NLRP3 inflammasome
- Each lot is functionally tested
Read our review on the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Download our Practical guide on Inflammasomes.
References:
1. Shio MT. et al., 2009. Malarial hemozoin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through Lyn and Syk kinases. PLoS Pathog. 5(8):e1000559.
2. Dostert C. et al., 2009. Malarial hemozoin is a Nalp3 inflammasome activating danger signal. PLoS One. 4(8):e6510.
3. Coban C. et al., 2010. The malarial metabolite hemozoin and its potential use as a vaccine adjuvant. Allergol Int. 59(2):115-24.
All products are for research use only, and not for human or veterinary use.
InvivoGen also offers:
SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications
50 - 400 µg/ml
Insoluble. Rehydration of hemozoin with water or saline results in a dark brown suspension.
Cellular assays
Each lot is functionally tested and validated.
CONTENTS
Contents
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Product:Hemozoin
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Cat code:tlrl-hz
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Quantity:5 mg
Hemozoin is provided as solid dark-green to black crystals.
Shipping & Storage
- Shipping method: Room temperature
- -20°C
Storage:
Details
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular multi-protein complex that plays a central role in innate immunity. It is activated by a two-step process. A first signal (‘priming’) is provided by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or cytokines. It allows the transcriptional upregulation of key inflammasome actors and the post-translational modification of NLRP3 . The second signal (‘activation’) is provided by a wide array of stimuli including microbial toxins, endogenous molecules or crystalline substances. The current paradigm is that NLRP3 does not bind directly to these molecules. Rather it senses downstream cytosolic stress signals such as K+ efflux. This triggers inflammasome multimerization and pro-caspase-1 maturation. Proximity-induced autolytic activation of caspase-1 leads to the formation of gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores at the cell surface, allowing IL-1β/IL-18 and alarmin secretion, and ultimately, pyroptosis [1,2].
References:
1. Swanson K.V. et al., 2019. The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 19:477.
2. Groslambert M. & Py B. 2018. Spotlight on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. J. Inflamm. Res. 11:359.
DOCUMENTS
Documents
Technical Data Sheet
Validation Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet
Certificate of analysis
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