HKSP - TLR2 Agonist

Heat Killed Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram positive bacterium, is the principal etiologic agent of bacterial meningitis in adults.

Heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae  (HKSP) induce activation of NF-κB in a TLR2- and CD14-dependent manner [1].

TLR2 has been shown to play an important role in the protein- and polysaccharide-specific type 1 IgG isotype response following immunization with HKSP [2].

References:

1. Yoshimura A. et al., 1999. Cutting Edge: Recognition of Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall Components by the Innate Immune System Occurs Via Toll-Like Receptor 2. J. Immunol. 163:1–5.
2. Khan aQ. et al., 2005. Both Innate Immunity and Type 1 Humoral Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae Are Mediated by MyD88 but Differ in Their Relative Levels of Dependence on Toll-Like Receptor 2. Infect. Immun. 73: 298 - 307.